Phenotypic Characterization and Resistance Trends of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Selected Hospitals in Ilorin, Kwara State Nigeria

Abstract

Klebsiella pneumoniae has emerged as a formidable pathogen, complicating the treatment of infections in healthcare settings. In this study, we examined the phenotypic characteristics and resistance trends of K. pneumoniae isolates from 150 clinical samples - including urine, blood, and deep throat sputum - collected from selected hospitals in Ilorin, Nigeria. Forty-nine isolates were recovered, with a predominance among female patients and individuals aged 18 - 40 years. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using standard bacteriological methods and a modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. The findings revealed a concerning level of resistance to cephalosporins and beta-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, whereas aminoglycosides, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones demonstrated relatively higher susceptibility rates. Notably, the majority of the isolates exhibited multidrug resistance, with several showing high Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index values that underscore the significant antibiotic pressure in the clinical environment. These results highlight the urgent need for enhanced antibiotic stewardship and continuous surveillance to inform targeted treatment strategies. The insights gained from this study provide crucial data for developing effective interventions aimed at curbing the spread of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae and ultimately improving patient outcomes in resource-limited settings.