Bacterial Evaluation of Different Nigerian Currency Notes in A Nigerian University

Abstract

A total of forty samples of Nigerian naira notes (N5, N10, N20, N50, N100, N200, N500, and N1000) in circulation at five different points at Federal University Gusau, Zamfara State were analyzed for microbial contamination. The currencies were processed for bacterial growth using nutrient agar. Streak plate technique was employed for the isolation and purification of the colonies.  The viable count ranged between  and  colony forming unit /ml with N100.00 note having the highest viable count and #5.00 note having the least viable count. The survey revealed presence of bacteria such as: Staphylococcus aureus (23.6%), Escherichia coli (17.3%), Pseudomonas spp. (21.8%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (22.4%), Klebsiella spp. (7.3%) and Bacillus spp. (7.3%) Macroscopic and Microscopic examination revealed that N100 denomination was the most contaminated Naira note in Federal University Gusau, and samples from the cafeteria were also the most contaminated. Therefore, handling of banknotes should include but not limited to carrying currency notes in wallets, envelops and holding with clean hands. Routine disinfection of banknotes in the banking system and the promotion of a cashless economy are also advocated; Nigerian currency notes have been found in this study to be contaminated with bacteria and could serve as a vehicle for the transmission of diseases to man.