Design and Simulation of a Wireless Sensor Network Based System for Temperature and Humidity Monitoring

Abstract

Temperature and humidity are critical environmental parameters that directly influence agriculture, industrial processes and storage facilities. Conventional wired monitoring systems often face challenges such as high cost, inflexibility and complex installation. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) provide an energy-efficient, scalable and cost-effective alternative for real-time monitoring. This study presents the design and simulation of a WSN-based system for temperature and humidity monitoring using MATLAB as the simulation platform through the use of 50 sensor nodes randomly deployed across a 100m × 100m area with a base station located externally. The simulation results demonstrate that the network achieves high data reliability, stable performance and efficient energy utilization. Cumulative energy consumption increased steadily to approximately 0.55J over 100 rounds, while all 50 nodes remained active throughout the simulation, indicating effective power management. Temperature and humidity readings remained closely aligned with expected averages of 20°C and 50%, respectively, with minimal fluctuations due to sensor data aggregation across multiple nodes. The findings confirm that WSNs can provide robust, real-time monitoring of environmental parameters with low energy cost, high scalability and long operational lifetime. These results highlight the potential of WSN-based solutions for deployment in agriculture, greenhouse monitoring, storage facilities and industrial monitoring.