Mathematical Model for Schistosomiasis Transmission Dynamics and Optimal Control in Uganda

Abstract

Schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease spread by snails, is a major health and economic issue in tropical and sub-tropical areas, particularly in Pakwach District, Northern Uganda, where it significantly affects both humans and cattle. This study aims to develop a mathematical model to understand the transmission dynamics of schistosomiasis, with a focus on the role of varied intermediate hosts in the region. The model uses nonlinear differential equations and includes human, animal, and snail populations to explore the effectiveness of control measures like mass drug administration, snail control, and public health education. Key findings highlight that controlling the environment where infected snails thrive is crucial, and public health education is especially effective. Limitations include reliance on existing data, and future research should focus on refining the model, vaccine development, and evaluating the cost-effectiveness of control strategies. The study provides valuable insights for schistosomiasis control in Pakwach and similar regions globally.