The Impact of Heat Source/Sink on Non-Linear Free Convection Fluid Flow with Chemical Reaction

Abstract

This research investigates how heat sources and sinks influence non-linear free convection fluid flow when a chemical reaction is present. The model underlying this study integrates non-linear density variations based on both concentration and temperature, providing a detailed framework for analyzing complex fluid behaviors. To solve the governing equations for non-dimensional temperature, concentration, and velocity, the method of undetermined coefficients is employed, allowing precise calculation of these variables under various conditions. The effects of numerous physical parameters on heat and mass transfer rates and the velocity field are illustrated through a series of graphs and tables. The findings reveal that an increase in the Prandtl number, as well as higher suction parameters, leads to a reduction in temperature within the fluid. Furthermore, the velocity of the fluid increases with higher values of the Grashof number (Gr) and modified Grashof number (Gc), which represent the relative influences of buoyancy forces due to temperature and concentration gradients. However, the velocity decreases when the chemical reaction parameter is elevated, indicating the complex interaction between reaction rates and flow dynamics. Additionally, the study examines non-dimensional distributions of velocity, temperature, and concentration to demonstrate the impact of influential parameters, offering insights into how fluid properties adjust under different thermal and chemical conditions. The skin friction coefficient, representing resistance to fluid motion, and the local Nusselt number, indicating heat transfer efficiency, are also analyzed. A key observation is that drag forces, which oppose fluid movement, tend to decrease as the Prandtl number and heat source/sink levels increase, highlighting the moderating effects of these parameters. Overall, this research has practical implications, particularly in the efficient design of heating and cooling systems for electronic devices. By advancing the understanding of heat and mass transfer dynamics in non-linear convection flows, the study builds on previous research, offering enhanced methodologies and insights that contribute to improving thermal management in advanced engineering applications.